A recorded pulse signal can be derived from a number of transducers, intended to detect the pulsatile flow of blood into the central or peripheral arteries. Typically, this is used as an indicator of heart rate, or as a timing signal indicative of...

Volume is the amount of three-dimensional space that a substance (such as solid, liquid or gas) occupies, or the space enclosing the substance, or the capacity of the container for the substance.

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) offers a continuous measurement of blood cell perfusion in the microcirculatory beds of skin tissue and other tissues without influencing the blood perfusion. LDF is measured in a relative unit of BPU (Blood Perfusion...

Video is widely used in life sciences, such as to record movement or changes in colour, shape and size, because it offers greater depth and interactive insight, especially when it is synchronized with quantitative data recordings.

Measuring the way different parts of the body are moving relative to each other is extremely useful for movement, kinematics and gait studies. Measuring joint angle is one common way of assessing this movement.

NIBP, or non-invasive blood pressure, can be recorded from both animals and humans. The methods used to measure NIBP in human and animal subjects differ.

pH is a unit used to quantify the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is a logarithmic scale related to the molar concentration of hydrogen atoms. pH values can be between 0 and 14 where 0 is the strongest acid, 7 is neutral and 14 the most basic.

Dissolved gas measurements can be used in many gas exchange studies including measuring amount of dissolved nitrogen in blood, amount of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in seawater or other aqueous physiological solutions.

Vibration in air or another medium can be detected by sensory organs as sound. This can also be easily detected and interpreted by electronic instrumentation for utilization in life science research applications.

Heart Rate is typically a calculated measurement, derived from various direct measurements of heart activity, such as ECG, Blood Pressure, or non-invasive pulse measurements. Heart rate indicates the frequency, typically measured in beats per minute...

dP/dt is a signal derived from pressure, typically ventricular blood pressure, that indicates the change in pressure over time.

Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) is the ratio between the volume of CO 2 being produced by the body and the amount of O 2 being consumed. This value of this ratio gives us an indication as to whether the body is operating aerobically or anaerobically...

Oxygen saturation is a relative measure of the quantity of dissolved or carried oxygen in the blood. It is usually measured as percentage of hemoglobin binding sites occupied by oxygen in the bloodstream. Arterial oxygen saturation measured at the...

ECG / EKG Signal Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is the study of the heart's electrical activity, most commonly recorded via placement of electrodes on the skin. Human and animal ECG signals can be recorded for easy processing of heart rate, heart...

Electrical stimulation has long been used in research to either observe propagation or activation properties, mapping and threshold studies in both human and animal subjects. By varying the amplitude, duration and frequency of stimulation, it has...

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) measures changes in sweat gland activity on the skin as an indication of physiological or psychological arousal. Galvanic Skin Response may also be referred to as electrodermal response (EDR), skin conductance response...